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🧠 Understanding Subnet Masks

* Understanding Subnet Masks A subnet mask divides an IP address into: • Network bits (1s) — identify the network • Host bits (0s) — identify the devices (hosts) within that network Each octet (group of 8 bits) in an IP address has a total of 8 bits, and the decimal value of all 8 bits set to 1 is 255. Binary to Decimal Reference Table Binary Bit Value 2^n 2⁰ 1 1 2¹ 2 2 2² 4 4 2³ 8 8 2⁴ 16 16 2⁵ 32 32 2⁶ 64 64 2⁷ 128 128 When you sum all these up: 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 = 255 That’s why a full octet of 1s (11111111) equals 255 in decimal. ________________________________________ 🌐 Example: 192.168.1.0 /24 • /24 means 24 bits are used for the network. • This leaves 8 bits (since there are 32 total bits in IPv4) for hosts. Subnet Mask Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 Decimal: 255.255.255.0 Network and Host Bits • Network bits: 24 (the first three octets) • Host bits: 8 (the last octet) ________________________________________ 🧮 Calculating the Number of IP Addres...
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Virtual Private Network Configurations

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A  virtual private network  ( VPN ) extends a  private network  across a  public  network, such as the  Internet . It enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network, and thus are benefiting from the functionality, security and management policies of the private network. Server Settings For Vpn (Virtual Private Network) Step1:First You have to access Your Router from gateway address. Step2: Then Goto Forwarding Menu .  Step3:Then Go to Virtual Server Server Port:1723 Give The Ip address of Server of vpn.Than Click Save.  Step4: Goto Reboot. Step5:Give The ip address of your network range.  Step6: Then Go to network and sharing center and than click onto change adapet setting and than press ALT+F Select New Incoming Connection. Step7:Than Configure the User Information. Step8:The...
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